Frequently Asked Questions
What is CBD?
CBD (cannabidiol) is a compound found in the cannabis plant. It can be used in a variety of ways, including steaming, tincture, capsules and edibles.
Unlike its close relative, THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), CBD is a completely non-psychoactive substance. This allows us to take advantage of the many properties of the cannabis plant without the negative side effects of hallucinogenic-psychotropic elements.
Because of this, CBD has become a very popular choice for those looking for a natural alternative to relieving cases such as chronic pain, multiple sclerosis, PTSD, epilepsy and other mental disorders.
What is the endocannabinoid system?
The endocannabinoid system is a self-regulating system of cannabinoid receptors found throughout the body. The endocannabinoid system is connected to almost every system of the body, including the central nervous system, the immune system and the organs. This vital system focuses on supporting balance or homeostasis in the body.
CBD is one of the main cannabinoids found in cannabis. These cannabinoid receptors play an important role in normal processes such as mood, memory and discomfort. There are two types of cannabinoid receptors – CB1 and CB2 which are found in cells throughout our body.
What are CB1 and CB2 receptors?
CB1 receptors are mainly found in the nerve cells of the brain, spinal cord and central nervous system. They are abundant in the cerebellum, the basal ganglia and the hippocampus. CB1 receptors have been found to play a role in-memory processing, motor regulation, discomfort, mood and sleep. CB2 receptors are mainly found in cells in the immune system and its related structures.
When activated, they stimulate a reaction that fights inflammation, which can reduce discomfort and minimize tissue damage. Cannabinoids help coordinate and regulate how we feel and think by binding ourselves to the CB1 and CB2 receptors of the endocannabinoid system. Cannabinoids are designed to bind to cannabinoid receptors, like the key to the lock.
Legislation in Greece?
In Greece, raw products resulting from the cultivation of cannabis varieties of the Cannabis Sativa L type, low in tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are legal. The relevant issues are governed by the provisions of Law 4139 of 2013 on addictive substances “.
According to the law, the drugs do not include “raw processed products resulting from the cultivation of cannabis varieties of Cannabis Sativa L, low in tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and specifically up to 0.2%”.
In conclusion, Cannabidiol (CBD) is not included in the list of drugs (LAW 3459/2006 – Government Gazette A ‘/ 103 / 25.5.2006). If it does not contain the substance Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) at a rate above 0.2% (Law 4139/2013 (Government Gazette 74 / t. A ‘/ 20-03-2013), is legal.
What are the active ingredients of cannabis?
Cannabichromene (CBC), Cannabidiol CBD, Cannabidiolic Acid-CBDA, Cannabidivarin, CannBol, CanBrol, Cannabigerol Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid (THCA), Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), Terpenoids.
‘Other compounds may be present: There may be more than 120 Cannabinoids, more than 200 terpenoids and practically unknown numbers of flavonoids in cannabis.
What are the most well-known cannabis terpenoids and their healing properties?
But cannabis also contains terpenoids. These give it flavour and – depending on its variety – a light taste of berry, lemon or rose. These are the ingredients of the plant that make its taste and smell more spicy or sweeter. Terpenoids are found in many plants, fruits and herbs and their properties have been shown to be therapeutic.
- Pinene: It has distinctive aromas of pine and fir. It is used in medicine as an anti-inflammatory, expectorant, bronchodilator and topical antiseptic. The A-pinene isolated from pine needles has been used as an anti-cancer agent in traditional Chinese medicine.
- Myrcene: Its aroma and earthy taste are reminiscent of musk and carnation. Myrcene is a powerful analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic and anticonvulsant.
- Limonene: Lemon-containing varieties have strong citrus scents such as oranges, lemons and limes and improve mood. Limonene suppresses the growth of many types of fungi and bacteria, contributes to weight loss and is undergoing clinical trials related to the treatment of breast cancer.
- Caryophyllene: It has a peppery, woody or spicy aroma, it is the only terpene that is known to interact with the endocannabinoid system and studies show that it could have potential applications in cancer treatments.
- Linalool: It offers touches of floral and lavender fragrance and the high-fiber varieties of hemp have a calming and relaxing effect. It strengthens the immune system, can significantly reduce some inflammation, and helps to restore cognitive and emotional function.
- Terpinolene: It has a pine aroma with light shades of flowers and plants and tends to have a sweet taste reminiscent of citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons. It is also an ingredient in sage and rosemary, used in soaps and perfumes, but also as an insect repellent. It has been documented as a central nervous system sedative and studies have been conducted to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells.
- Camphene: Emits spicy odors from wet forest areas and fir needles. It may play an important role in the treatment of cardiovascular disease as it reduced cholesterol and triglycerides in the experimental animals administered.
- Humulene: It is what gives the beer its distinctive hop aroma and is found in cannabis Sativa strains and Vietnamese coriander. Humulene is considered an anti-cancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and appetite suppressant. It has been used extensively in Chinese medicine as a remedy for inflammation.
- Phellandrene: It exudes aromas and flavors of pepper and a light citrus aroma. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat digestive disorders. It can be found in herbs and spices such as cinnamon, garlic, dill, ginger and parsley, while pepper oil and dill oil are almost exclusively made from coriander. It is absorbed through the skin for this purpose and is used in perfumes, while we often find it as an aromatic substance and in food products.
- Carene: It has a sweet and intense smell. It is found in many essential oils such as cypress oil and pine needles, and is used as a flavoring in many products. At high concentrations it can act as a suppressor of the central nervous system. It is not toxic, but it can cause irritation when inhaled. That’s why when cannabis, which is particularly rich in Karen, is smoked, it can cause coughing and eye irritation. It is also found in pine, pepper, basil oil, grapefruit and orange juice, lemon peel oils, limes, tangerines and kumquats.
- Terpineol: Its aroma has been compared to that of lilac and flowers. It has calming, relaxing effects, while it also has antibiotic and antioxidant properties.
- Sabinene: Is a terpene whose aromas are reminiscent of a mixture of pines, oranges and spices. It is found in many plants such as spruce, black pepper and basil. It is being studied for a number of therapeutic effects.
- Geraniol: Produces a sweet, pleasant odour similar to roses. This makes it a popular choice for many bath and body products. It is an effective repellent
Does Cannabidiol-CBD have a psychotropic effect?
THC is psychotropic, psychotic and in many countries illegal. Unlike THC, Cannabidiol-CBD is not psychotropic. In fact, some doctors use it as an “antidote” or “compensation” for the psychoactive effect of THC, as it seems to regulate its effect. It is impossible to reach a state of euphoria similar to that caused by THC by smoking, steaming or swallowing Cannabidiol-CBD as its legal formulations contain only a few traces of THC – usually less than 0.2%.
What should we look out for when buying Cannabidiol-CBD oil?
Yes, Cannabidiol oils have virtually no side effects, but there are strict conditions for their preparation which, if not followed faithfully by the person who produces them, may not have a healing effect.
According to international experience, the danger of the worst Cannabidiol oil in which “one can fall” is no different from that of a counterfeit olive oil. But this observation must lead the potential buyer to be even more careful, instead of reassuring him.
Where does Cannabidiol-CBD come from?
It is usually produced from varieties of textile – industrial hemp. However, this is due to the ban on plants that contain the high content of “forbidden THC”, and not because of the suitability of the plant variety. Cannabidiol-CBD can also be produced from so-called “medicinal cannabis”, the varieties of the plant that are rich in THC.
Cannabidiol-CBD products called “Hemp Extract Oil”, “Phytocannabinoid oil”, “Hemp Oil” – Is there a difference?
No, these are usually different terminology used by different companies. However, we should not confuse Cannabidiol-CBD oil with “fiber-industrial hemp” seed oil, which is something completely different.
What is the difference between Cannabidiol-CBD oil hemp oil and plain hemp seed oil?
Fiber-industrial hemp seed oil is derived from the seeds of the plant and is mainly used for dietary purposes, such as coconut oil. It is an excellent source of nutrition, as it is rich in fatty acids Ω3 and Ω6, which are in fact in excellent proportion to each other. This refined seed oil can also be used in beauty products as it has excellent skincare properties, but the small amount of Cannabidiol-CBD it contains makes it incapable of medicinal use. Cannabidiol-CBD oils intended for medicinal use indicate on their label, among other things, the% content of the active substance they contain.
Can we give CBD oil to our pets?
Yes. There are Cannabidiol-CBD oil brands on offer for pets. These oils are known to help animals suffering from anxiety or they may be helpful in eliminating the symptoms of other health disorders. However, we do not need to choose a product “specifically for animals”, we can also use products that are addressed to humans. But we need to talk to our veterinarian beforehand.
Do I need a prescription to buy CBD?
No. However, if, according to your doctor’s instructions, you also need Cannabidiol-CBD and THC-tetrahydrocannabinol, then you should be informed in detail about what the law stipulates regarding the prescription of THC, which is done only under certain conditions.
Does Cannabidiol-CBD appear on a substance control test?
No, it does not appear “in conventional examinations” but only in specialized examinations. Most substance control tests around the world aim to detect the psychotropic Tetrahydrocannabinol-D-THC and do not detect the presence of Cannabidiol-CBD or other natural cannabis ingredients. In Greece, the common test of drivers who happen to be on the road is not used to check if they have consumed cannabis or any of its ingredients. However, if you are taking any “substance control test” because of your job or if you are planning any health tests, it is a good idea to talk to your doctor.
What is “full-spectrum oil”?
The oil that contains all the ingredients of the plant or at least most of them. As the synergy of all the elements of the plant, when taken together and not isolated, is more effective, you will often find the relevant indication-description on the bottles of commercial oils.
Side effects:
Cannabidiol-CBD can cause some side effects, although this is rare and can only occur if certain conditions are met.
Low blood pressure – slight dizziness:
It is a rare side effect and its duration is temporary. But if we are taking medication for high blood pressure, we should definitely talk to our doctor before using Cannabidiol oil.
Sleepiness:
There are cases in which if the dose is high, Cannabidiol-CBD may cause drowsiness (usually in cases of overdose). If we find ourselves in such a situation, we should avoid using any machine or driving. Drowsiness is rare, and in most cases, if the dose is appropriate, Cannabidiol-CBD will act as a trigger for a state of “awakening and energy.”
Additional information:
Drug metabolism and specific patient categories:
In rare cases, Cannabidiol-CBD can affect heart rate, body temperature, pH levels, glucose levels, red blood cell volume and potassium and sodium levels. These are temporary effects that will disappear as soon as we adjust our dose to a lower level, which may be the most appropriate for us.
Children:
In some patients, especially children with neurological problems, Cannabidiol-CBD may cause irritation or overexertion. It is usually a temporary side effect and if it does not go away after 1 week to 10 days, this may be an indication that a change in dose is necessary. The dose we use may be high and need to be reduced. Or there may be a need for concomitant administration of THC in combination with Cannabidiol-CBD.
Patients with Parkinson’s disease:
May show worse symptoms at higher doses of Cannabidiol-CBD than those indicated for them. However, it has been shown that Cannabidiol can help patients achieve the right dose for their body.
Liver and drug metabolism:
A high dose of Cannabidiol-CBD may interact with certain enzymes found in the liver (liver) resulting in fluctuations in the metabolism of some drugs. It is usually enough to adjust the medication periodically throughout the day to overcome any problems. However, we should consult with our doctor or pharmacist so that the adjustment can be made correctly.
In more detail: Any drug metabolized by P-450 cytochrome enzymes could potentially interact with cannabidiol. Among them are the following:
- Steroids
- HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
- Calcium channel blockers
- Anti-histamine
- Promotional (like some benzamide derivatives)
- HIV anti-viral
- Immunomodulators
- Benzodiazepines
- Antiarrhythmics
- Antibiotics Anesthetics
- Antipsychotics
- Antidepressants
- Anti-epileptic Beta inhibitors
- PPIs (Proton Pump Inhibitors)
- Oral hypoglycemic agents
- Sulfonylureas
Note: An inhibitor that we often encounter in nature is grapefruit, so when treating with CBD it is best to avoid its juice.
